Tuesday, August 25, 2020

Important Female Artists of the Surrealist Movement

Significant Female Artists of the Surrealist Movement Established in 1924 by author and artist Andrã © Breton, the Surrealist bunch was involved specialists whom Breton had handpicked. Notwithstanding, the developments thoughts, which concentrated on uncovering the subliminal through activities like programmed drawing, were not contained to the chosen few whom Breton whimsically preferred or evaded. Its impact was worldwide and discovered its most grounded stations in Mexico, the United States, Europe, and Northern Africa. Due to Surrealism’s notoriety as a male control, female craftsmen are frequently worked out of its story. However crafted by these five female craftsmen overturns the conventional story about Surrealism’s center around externalizing the female body, and their support in the development is demonstration of the way that the Surrealist ethos was more sweeping than craftsmanship history has recently accepted. Leonor Fini Leonor Fini was conceived in Argentina in 1907, however she spent her childhood in Trieste, Italy after her mom fled a miserable union with Fini’s father. As a grown-up, Fini turned out to be very much familiar with the Surrealist bunch in Paris, get to know figures, for example, Max Ernst and Dorothea Tanning. Her work was displayed in MoMA’s original 1937 â€Å"Fantastic Art, Dada, and Surrealism† appear. Fini was taken by the possibility of the androgyne, with which she recognized. Her way of life was with regards to her eccentric way to deal with sexual orientation, as she lived in a menagetrois with two men for more than forty years. She spent summers in a once-over mansion on Corsica, where she gave expound ensemble parties, for which her visitors would get ready for months. <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/YBgFgqC-taFErgMeb79a6Nm6CkA=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-475770256-5c9158ddc9e77c00014a9e47.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/SaqPEUHz2KgRbNAuIJ0otR08dX0=/813x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-475770256-5c9158ddc9e77c00014a9e47.jpg 813w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/u9s2sTqdLS7Torbxn-nresazE6g=/1326x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-475770256-5c9158ddc9e77c00014a9e47.jpg 1326w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/rqhzeb-DE0PXrlWgl8xSG7OFFL4=/2354x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-475770256-5c9158ddc9e77c00014a9e47.jpg 2354w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/pXlnuUXdIyOtVPFq-iijahuU6fA=/3564x2354/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-475770256-5c9158ddc9e77c00014a9e47.jpg src=//:0 alt=Leonor Fini with one of her artworks class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-9 information following container=true /> Leonor Fini with one of her artworks. Francis Apesteguy/Getty Images Finis work frequently highlighted female heroes in places of predominance. She showed sexual fiction and structured ensembles for her friends’ plays. She would likewise plan her own outfits for get-togethers. Her frequently over-the-top mental self view was captured by a portion of the era’s most notable picture takers, including Carl van Vechten. Maybe Fini’s most prominent business achievement was in structuring the fragrance bottle for Elsa Schiaparellis â€Å"Shocking† scent. The container was made to resemble the stripped middle of a lady; the plan has been mirrored for quite a long time. Dorothea Tanning Dorothea Tanning was conceived in 1911 and experienced childhood in Galesburg, Illinois, the girl of Swedish workers. Smothered by an exacting youth, the youthful Tanning got away into writing, getting familiar with the universe of European expressions and letters through books. Sure that she was bound to turn into a craftsman, Tanning dropped out of the Art Institute of Chicago for living in New York. MoMA’s 1937 â€Å"Fantastic Art, Dada, and Surrealism† established her responsibility to Surrealism. It was not until years after the fact that she turned out to be near a portion of its key characters, when many moved to New York to get away from the developing antagonistic vibe in Europe because of the Second World War. <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/yL33oFbUShsgEmB8u4zZR7GPezE=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-138210081-5c91579346e0fb000146ae0e.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/w82HPsZ6CsoSZihLo_g0B-4q8K4=/1099x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-138210081-5c91579346e0fb000146ae0e.jpg 1099w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/hzwRy0T3m1KoTDCdjnN4-I5lXz0=/1898x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-138210081-5c91579346e0fb000146ae0e.jpg 1898w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/YO4oHoCpK9q7nGxjTCrIclLwOiU=/3496x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-138210081-5c91579346e0fb000146ae0e.jpg 3496w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/dcrpMzgmPg8JZvuZooP0EAdSHWc=/3736x3496/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-138210081-5c91579346e0fb000146ae0e.jpg src=//:0 alt=Portrait of Dorothea Tanning class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-19 information following container=true /> Representation of Dorothea Tanning, 1955.  Michael Ochs Archives/Getty Images When visiting Tanning’s studio in the interest of his better half Peggy Guggenheim’s â€Å"Art of this Century† Gallery, Max Ernst met Tanning and was intrigued with her work. They turned out to be quick companions, and in the long run wedded in 1946, after Ernst had separated from Guggenheim. The couple moved to Sedona, Arizona and lived among a partner of individual Surrealists. Tanning’s yield was changed, as her profession traversed around eighty years. In spite of the fact that she is maybe most popular for her compositions, Tanning additionally went to outfit configuration, figure, exposition, and verse. She has a huge group of work comprising of extravagant humanoid models, which she was known to use in establishments all through the 1970s. She passed on in 2012 at age 101. Leonora Carrington Leonora Carrington was conceived in the United Kingdom in 1917. She quickly went to the Chelsea School of Art, at that point moved to Londons Ozenfant Academy of Fine Arts. She met Max Ernst in her mid twenties and before long moved with him toward the south of France. Ernst was captured by the French experts for being an unfriendly outsider and later by the Nazis for delivering degenerate workmanship. Carrington endured a mental meltdown and was hospitalized at a refuge in Spain. Her lone ways to get out was to wed, so she wedded a Mexican negotiator and left for the United States, where she was brought together with a large number of the Surrealists in a state of banishment in New York. She before long moved to Mexico, where she served to establish the Womens Liberation Movement and eventually spent an incredible remainder. Carringtons work focuses on images of otherworldliness and witchcraft, and regularly manages critical repeating pictures. Carrington likewise composed fiction, including The Hearing Trumpet (1976), for which she is most popular. <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/9Q3HBXis3Nt_V0CMYc3P5zhKPw8=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-537566555-5c91587246e0fb000146ae0f.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/2j0obsQN5mQnC2KTbDTWEd4txiA=/1041x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-537566555-5c91587246e0fb000146ae0f.jpg 1041w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/ZSi9TKMv3M4rt-mYCAEW5arrCvo=/1782x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-537566555-5c91587246e0fb000146ae0f.jpg 1782w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/_nN-JLV_CcodtUHGJ87EChUWmJY=/3264x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-537566555-5c91587246e0fb000146ae0f.jpg 3264w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/Ut43luvXvsP7UM-aKH_LoKMnXJ4=/3264x2448/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-537566555-5c91587246e0fb000146ae0f.jpg src=//:0 alt=Sculpture by Leonora Carrington in Mexico City class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-31 information following container=true /> Model by Leonora Carrington in Mexico City.  Meret Oppenheim Swiss craftsman Meret Oppenheim was conceived in Berlin in 1913. At the episode of the First World War, her family moved to Switzerland, where she started to contemplate workmanship before moving to Paris. It was in Paris that she got familiar with the Surrealist circle. She knew Andrã © Breton, was quickly impractically engaged with Max Ernst, and demonstrated for Man Ray’s photos. Oppenheim was most popular for her collection mold, which united unique discovered articles so as to come to a meaningful conclusion. She is generally well known for her Dã ©jeuner en Fourrure likewise called Objet, a teacup lined in hide, which was displayed at MoMA’s â€Å"Fantastic Art, Dada, and Surrealism† and was supposedly the principal expansion to the assortment of the Museum of Modern Art by a lady. Objet turned into a symbol of the Surrealist development, and however it is liable for Oppenheim’s acclaim, its prosperity has regularly eclipsed her other broad work, which incorporates painting, figure, and adornments. Despite the fact that she was injured by the early achievement of Objet, Oppenheim started to work again during the 1950s, following quite a few years. Her work ËÅ"has been the subject of various reviews far and wide. Frequently tending to subjects of female sexuality, Oppenheim’s work stays a significant touchstone for understanding Surrealism all in all. Dora Maar Dora Maar was a French Surrealist picture taker. She is maybe generally celebrated for her photo Pã ¨re Ubu, a closeup of an armadillo, which turned into a notable picture for Sur

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Byzantine Civilization of the Middle Ages

Byzantine Civilization of the Middle Ages In the fifth century AD, the relentless Roman Empire tumbled to attacking brutes and complex inside weights. The land that had been midway represented for quite a long time broke down into various warring states. The wellbeing and benefits delighted in by certain inhabitants of the domain evaporated to be supplanted by a steady condition of risk and vulnerability; others simply exchanged one lot of day by day dread for another. Europe was dove into what Renaissance researchers would mark a dim age. However Byzantium remained. The Empire of Byzantium was the eastern segment of the Roman Empire, which was separated in 395 A.D. Its capital of Constantinople, situated on a landmass, was normally secure from intrusion on three sides, and its fourth side was braced with a system of three dividers that withstood direct assault for over a thousand years. Its steady economy gave a solid military and, along with a plenteous food gracefully and progressed structural designing, an elevated requirement of living. Christianity was immovably dug in Byzantium, and education was more far reaching there than in some other country in the medieval times. In spite of the fact that the transcendent language was Greek, Latin was additionally genuinely normal, and at one point every one of the seventy-two of the universes realized dialects were spoken to in Constantinople. Scholarly and masterful undertakings flourished. It is not necessarily the case that the Byzantine Empire was a desert spring of harmony in the desert of the dangerous medieval times. Unexpectedly, its long history is set apart by various wars and exceptional inside struggle. Its official outskirts extended and shrank a few times as its rulers endeavored to reestablish the domain to its previous brilliance or fended off intruders (or at times endeavored both at the same time). The punitive framework was so unforgiving as to be seen by western crusaders no aliens to mutilation and other extraordinary measures in their own frameworks of equity as exceedingly savage. All things considered, Byzantium remained the most steady country of the medieval times. Its focal area between western Europe and Asia advanced its economy and its way of life as well as permitted it to fill in as a boundary against forceful brutes from the two zones. Its rich historiographical custom (unequivocally impacted by the congregation) safeguarded antiquated information whereupon mind blowing craftsmanship, engineering, writing and innovative accomplishments were assembled. It's anything but a by and large unwarranted suspicion that the Renaissance couldn't have thrived were it not for the preparation laid in Byzantium. The investigation of Byzantine human advancement is obviously huge in the investigation of medieval world history. To overlook it is much the same as contemplating the old style period without thinking about the social wonder of antiquated Greece. Lamentably, much (yet fortunately not all) recorded examination concerning the medieval times has done recently that. Antiquarians and understudies regularly centered around the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the various changes in Europe without ever once looking at Byzantium. It was regularly erroneously accepted that the Byzantine Empire was a static express that had little effect on the remainder of the medieval world. Luckily, this view is changing, and an incredible abundance of data concerning Byzantine Studies has as of late been delivered a lot of it accessible on the net. Specific Byzantine TimelineHighlights from the dynastic history of the Eastern Roman Empire. Byzantine Studies IndexA staggered catalog of valuable destinations about the individuals, places, craftsmanship, design, strict history, military history and general history of the Eastern Roman Empire. Additionally incorporates maps and helpful assets for the expert. Recommended ReadingUseful and instructive books about the Eastern Roman Empire, from general accounts to histories, craftsmanship, militaria, and other intriguing points. The Forgotten Empire is copyright  © 1997 by Melissa Snell and authorized to About.com. Consent is allowed to duplicate this article for individual or study hall utilize just, given that the URL is incorporated. For reproduce consent, if it's not too much trouble contact Melissa Snell.

Monday, July 27, 2020

Cloud Audit And Compliance Essay Example

Cloud Audit And Compliance Essay Example Cloud Audit And Compliance â€" Essay Example > The paper “ Cloud Audit And Compliance” is an excellent example of an essay on information technology. Cloud audit is the science of computing that involves storing information online, by means of the internet. This technological advancement has numerous benefits such as the creation of worldwide data accessory, where one can get the data from any part of the world through the internet. The service providers of the cloud audit and computing have information backup, which ensures that no information can be lost whatsoever. The Cloud Service Provider or (CSP) keep prices low by using sites in countries with lower cost. However, this science of computing has raised different arguments, creating varied perspective among the Cloud service providers and their customers. As argued out by ALI (2012), the customers doubt the Privacy Compliance of the CSP. Various nations have varying rights regarding the data that you hold about their citizen. The customers are not assured of the priva cy of their data. Typically, an individual can ask to see this data or have this data destroyed whereas this data must be confidential and not have been shared with other parties without the express permission of the individual. However, Public Cloud-based data has additional challenges. This aspect has been caused by the varying regulations between countries. Customers anticipate that with stricter privacy controls forced by law in their nations, the future of the Cloud Computing will ensure the privacy of their information. On the same issue, geographical compliance is a challenge to the CSP. The science of cloud computing is advancing swiftly, while the regulations on this service remain to differ regionally. The compliance of the CSP on these regulations is far much opposite since they seem unaware or uninterested in current regulations. These regulations lie of the basis of where the data is stored, where the data is processed or where the individual resides that the data con cerns. However, the compliance issues with cloud computing seem to be coming to an ultimate solution as, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Directorate for Science, Technology, and Industry is implementing guidelines on the protection of privacy and trans-border flows of personal data to ensure that the privacy of the customers is achieved (Bachlechner, Thalmann Maier 2014).

Friday, May 22, 2020

Letter For My Life Review - 1324 Words

For my Life Review, I selected Mr. B.G. I chose him because he has experienced a great deal in his life, even serving in the Vietnam War, making him an interesting interviewee. Mr. B.G was born on March 8, 1944 in New England, Arkansas. He was the youngest of eleven children, four girls and seven boys. He grew up with both of his parents; all of them lived together in a small two bedroom farm house. Although they did not have a lot of money, his parents tried to provide him with a happy childhood. One of his fondest memories is playing instruments on the back porch late into the night. Going into his teenage years, he was very close with this older brother Billy, who was closest to his age. They did most all their activities together.†¦show more content†¦This spontaneous psychological event is seen especially when one is confronted by death or a major crisis, although some individuals may not be fully aware of it and may even deny that it is happening at all. The intensity and emphasis placed on putting one s life in order is most striking in old age.†(Butler, 1963). A life review is more formal, organized and often involves study and analysis, verses ordinary remembering which is often informal and may not involve in depth study. According to an article entitled, Life review and reminiscence: Essential tasks for positive aging, ordinary remembering maybe occur when looking back at old photos or even telling stories about fun things we use to do as children. Both a life review and ordinary remember look at elements of a person’s past. They both have share a mutual goal of wanting to obtain information about a person’s life, but a life review will often include regrets or conflicts the person previously experienced, such as not traveling more or not resolving a conflict with someone before their death. There are several benefits and goals to a life review that include, educating the interviewer, allowing them to see history through the eyes of people who actually lived it. Second, it is â€Å"intended to empower older adults and those facing end-of-life issues to find hope, value, and meaning inShow MoreRelatedCreating Your Career Plan By Henry Wadsworth873 Words   |  4 PagesCreating Your Career Plan Henry Wadsworth Longfellow penned one of my favorite sayings: â€Å"The heights by great men reached and kept, were not obtained by sudden flight, but they, while their companions slept, were toiling upward in the night† (Bill n.d.). My ninth grade English teacher had a new quote or adage for us to learn at the start of every class. I owe her for teaching me the definition of the word: Gumption, as well as introducing me to quotes that I have used to push myself when I thoughtRead MoreThe Requirements Of English 111 Essay1509 Words   |  7 Pagesthat a new college student is required to take. The objectives of English 111 are for the students to develop adequate writing skills among a variety of genres. The genres written about include a narrative, analysis, argument, evaluative, business letter, memorandum, bibliography, and report. By the end of the course, students are expected to master thesis development, revision, and writing as a recursive process. Along with learning a variety of writing strategies, students benefitted the most duringRead MoreMy Career Self Assessment Worksheet1298 Words   |  6 PagesUse your Precision and Sequence to document and reflect on the results of your TypeFocus assessment to gain more insight into your personality, interests, values, and suggested careers for your personality type. Prepare: Take a moment to carefully review your TypeFocus assessment results. Think about your personality type and what characteristics are associated with it. Do you find yourself displaying those characteristics often? The results also suggest careers that suit your personality type. ThinkRead MoreThe Autobiography By Frederick Douglass1632 Words   |  7 PagesThe autobiography by Frederick Douglass is very interesting. It talks about his life and his contribution to the abolition movement. This is an incredible tell perseverance to be with his love that is free in the north and to help others that have been in captivity. Before the book starts he gives a pretty face by William Lloyd Garrison and a letter from Wend ale Phillips. He s done this because he wants people to know that he is a runaway slave that is smart and able to write in his book isRead More Response of Fredrick Douglass to Uncle Toms Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe964 Words   |  4 Pageshis narrative entitled Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave published in 1845. Frederick Douglass also produced an African American newspaper, Frederick Douglass Paper, which highlighted the reception and critiques of Harriet Beecher Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin. Frederick Douglass praised Uncle Toms Cabin through not only his writing but in the critiques and letters contained in his newspaper. It is important to look at these reviews to understand Douglass intentions. HoweverRead MoreHow Does Phonics Develop Early Reading and How Should Phonics Be Taught?1512 Words   |  7 Pageswell as my experience in schools while on place ment with my foundation two class. There are two methods of teaching phonics in the classroom both Synthetic Phonics and Analytical Phonics. I will be concentrating more on Synthetic Phonics as it is considered to be â€Å"the best method for teaching reading.† (DfE 2010, p11) Children are taught to read and spell during the same period. They are taught the individual correspondences between sounds that are known as phonemes and written letters, whichRead MoreWriting As A Writing Form1294 Words   |  6 Pagesyour resume and cover letter must be typed. There are no exceptions to this rule. Ever! When I read this, it instantly made sense to me. The resume and cover letter is the first thing that the employer will see as far as first impressions, and you always want to make a great first impression. If you have shabby handwriting, typing is the next best thing to do, so that the information you are presenting to the employer is nice and neat and easy to read. Your cover letter and resume must be printedRead MoreThe Life and Writings of Jane Austen Essay1494 Words   |  6 Pagesaround the world through her English derived stories, comical and witty writing style, and her ability to draw inferences from her personal life into her novels. Jane Austen was born on December 16, 1775 to George and Cassandra Austen. Her mother, Cassandra Austen, was born to a higher ranked family. But after marrying Mr. Austen, she began a very domestic life. Her father, George Austen, was a reverend and sought to be from a lower rank than her mother, but he managed to take care of the growingRead MoreAn Honest Awai Copywriting Program Review By Professional Copywriter Dan Furman1714 Words   |  7 Pageshonest AWAI Copywriting Program Review by Professional Copywriter Dan Furman On this page, I’ll be reviewing a popular home-business opportunity / product. In this case, a copywriting product. Quick note: This is an honest, unbiased review. In interest of full disclosure, I am an affiliate, and will get a small commission if you buy it through the link at the bottom of the page. Believe me, it’s not enough to risk tainting my name in any way. That’s why my review below is as honest as possible.Read MoreMy College English Class and What I learned809 Words   |  3 Pagespapers the night before, barely look over them and making few changes. This course encouraged me to outline, write a rough draft and constantly review then finalization the paper. Peer review before this class I though was pointless because most student hardly pay attention to the paper and usually wrote â€Å"good job.† The students in the class actually read my paper and gave honest feedback and ways to improve it. Also to have a teacher read your draft and give feedback with what is wrong and ways to

Saturday, May 9, 2020

Review Of Francis Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby

David Orta Honors American Literature St. John s College High School 8/22/15 Francis Scott Fitzgerald Francis Scott Fitzgerald was a vital figure to literature, not only was he a novelist, but in addition he was a poet, playwright, screenwriter, copywriter, and author of short stories. He was truly a trailblazer who paved the way for authors to come. Modernism means a style or movement that aims to break with traditional forms. Fitzgerald wrote during the time period of modernism. Modernism partook primarily in Europe from the early to mid twentieth century. Modernism symbolizes the introduction of new ways to express oneself as well as the separation from traditional ways. One major idea that was corroborated throughout many written items during this time period was the idea of self awareness. Self awareness also known as self consciousness, is when one is extremely aware of their own actions, feelings, and thoughts. One of the biggest driving factors for this belief of self consciousness was the devastating effects from World War One. Many artists and authors were striving to cut ties with the previous beliefs and traditions in their specific field. They wanted to stand out and start new trends. In the Victorian age there was a massive increase in the overall knowledge of the general population due to education ref orms. This increase in knowledge led to a constant hunger for more and more knowledge. One way people cured this craving was with literature.Show MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1569 Words   |  7 Pages 2016 Fantastic Fitzgerald The greatest American writers have their places in history and their stories forever passed down to new generations. Their stories are easily relatable and understandable. One of the most memorable authors is F. Scott. Fitzgerald. His writings during the 1920’s give perspective to the 1920’s atmosphere: most notably in this novel, The Great Gatsby. The environment has influenced his creative mind set and has caused his writing skills to show. Fitzgerald is so fascinatedRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1393 Words   |  6 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald was the model of the American image in the nineteen twenties. He had wealth, fame, a beautiful wife, and an adorable daughter; all seemed perfect. Beneath the gilded faà §ade, however, was an author who struggled with domestic and physical difficulties that plagued his personal life and career throughout its short span. This author helped to launch the theme that is so prevalent in his work; the human instinct to yearn for more, into the forefront of American literature, where itRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald2390 Words   |  10 Pages Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald is an American short story writer and novelist who lived in the period between 24th September 1994 to 21st December 1940; his works are considered to be the paradigmatic compositions of the Jazz Age. He is a well-known member of the â€Å"Lost Generation† of the 20th century. During his life, he completed a total of four novels; Beautiful and Damned, This Side of Paradise, Tender Is the Night and The Great Gatsby (the most popular of all his stories)Read MoreA Straight-forward Story in The Great Gatsby by Francis Scott Fitzgerald553 Words   |  2 PagesFrom the beginning of the The Great Gatsby, Francis Scott Fitzgerald uses the narrator, symbols, and the characters. Using the narrator, symbol, and characters throughout the novel makes up the book that is popular today. The Great Gatsby is a straightforward story. It slowly creates and shows the characteristics of Gatsby. Reading the book through Nick Carraways eyes and his description of what is happening makes the book feel longer than it is (â€Å"Gatsby†, Kenneth).Nick describes what he seesRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1677 Words   |  7 PagesDean Franjkovic Professor Dr. Kirby Engl-2328-S04 November 3, 2015 Gatsby’s Wealth Wasn’t Enough â€Å"The Great Gatsby† is known as one of the great American novels set in the 1920s and tells a story of a man named Jay Gatsby and how he tried everything he could to get a girl, Daisy Buchanan, to love him only to end up floating in a pool of his own blood. One main aspect to the whole story is the idea of wealth and money. This can be seen at the front of the novel when Nick Carraway, Daisy’s cousinRead MoreThe American Nightmare2241 Words   |  9 Pageslikely I shall ever find again† (Fitzgerald 6). In The Great Gatsby, the narrator, Nick Carraway, was describing his neighbor’s goal of marrying a woman named Daisy. Gatsby, however, did not realize the futility of his dream which ended up costing him his life. The Great Gatsby was written by Fitzgerald in 1925 and takes place in the summer of 1922. The belief that anyone could get rich through hard work was still alive at the time and is evident in the novel as both Gatsby and Carraway are â€Å"new ly rich†Read MoreLiterary Analysis : An Inspector Calls 2046 Words   |  9 Pagesinforms on his friend Frankie Mcphillip in order to get some money from the authorities. This goes against the society that Ireland had during this time period after the Irish Civil War because it is seen as the one of the biggest sins to inform on one s friend, and the word â€Å"informer† is a word that is very frowned upon. Gypo knows as well as anyone the consequences that come from informing, yet he decides to risk his life and his dignity in order to get some money. O’Flaherty’s portrayal of Gypo Nolan

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Architectural Textbook on How to Draw Perspective and to Tiles Free Essays

string(58) " plaNES Room feels more expansive with large floor tiles\." 1 BatHroom projects Bathroom-Tile Design By Lynn Hopkins W alk into a tile showroom, and you may be overwhelmed by the sheer number of colors, materials, finishes, and sizes available. The best way to keep your wits about you is to develop a strategy beforehand for the style of bathroom you plan to create. This plan will help to guide tile selection and installation. We will write a custom essay sample on Architectural Textbook on How to Draw Perspective and to Tiles or any similar topic only for you Order Now Before going to the store, think about the character of your new bath. Are you interested in a traditional bathroom with historical references, something with fixtures and finishes that remind you of an earlier time? Or are you dreaming of something more sleek and modern? Regardless of the style of bathroom you choose, designing a tile installation requires forethought. The accompanying drawings illustrate key areas to consider when developing a tile design and show how the traditional or modern character of the room might influence tile selection and layout. As part of the planning process, I recommend making detailed drawings that show which tiles go where on both the floor and the walls. An accurate, scaled sketch of a section of wall and floor, plus any special corner conditions, makes it much easier to order, lay out, and correctly install the tile. Start by Planning the Walls There are three standard heights to consider when tiling a bathroom wall: wainscot height, shower height, and full-wall height. You may use one, two, or all three of these heights in a single bathroom, depending on the look you are trying to achieve and on your budget. Because tiled walls are more expensive than wallboard, tile often is used only where it is needed most: on the lower portion of the wall that requires water protection. This wainscot is usually between 36 in. and 42 in. tall, enough to provide a backsplash of 4 in. or so above the sink. Tile protects the walls below towel bars from wet towels, and the walls around the toilet from the spray of rambunctious kids. Tiling to wainscot height may be adequate protection around tubs without showers as most splashes occur below this line. In a shower area, however, all enclosure walls should be tiled high enough to protect the walls from water spray, at least 72 in. and preferably to the ceiling. 78 Details for a Traditional Bathroom 3-in. by 6-in. brick tiles 1-in. by 6-in. color band Fixtures are centered on tile layout. 1 Shower enclosure is tiled to at least 72 in. At least 4 in. 36 in. to 42 in. Bullnose tiles 2 Border tiles define limits of the room. 6-in. by 6-in. tiles 1. TURNING CORNERS Profiled edge tiles 2. INSIDE CORNERS A bathroom with traditional characteristics has plumbing fixtures that take their styling cues from an earlier era, generally the 1920s or 1930s. The tile should reinforce these historical references. Small wall tiles, such as 3 in. by 6 in. , 4 in. by 4 in. , and even smaller mosaics, were typical in the old days, in part because the adhesive available could not support tiles that were much larger and heavier than 6 in. q. Traditional styles often celebrate the edges where tile meets wall or where wall meets floor with a border or fancy molding profile. Borders run around the perimeter of the floor and/or walls, defining the limits of the room. Bathroom-Tile Design 79 Choose the Right Tile Tiles finished on only the front face are called field tiles. When installed, they are butted next to each other with grout filling the spaces in between. Wherever wall tile stops short of the ceiling, field tiles should not be installed on the top row because the raw, unfinished edge of the tiles will be exposed. For these locations, use tile with at least one finished edge. Typically, the finished edge is a rounded bullnose shape that makes an elegant transition from tile to wall surface. In bathrooms with traditional styling, this transitional edge frequently is celebrated with a decorative border that intro- duces a band of color, a pattern, a texture, or a special profile (see the drawings on p. 79). Borders Create a Transition Although a decorative border is a great way to handle the tile-to-wall transition, you’ll need to consider how to handle the border when the tile goes from a lower to a taller height. In a traditionally styled bath, I prefer to turn the edging and keep the border moving up, over, and down again, using mitered corners at each turn. I find that a miter creates a crisp, clean look and allows the flexi- Details for a Modern Bathroom The details in a modern room imply expansiveness and continuity. Tile frequently runs continuously from floor to ceiling or from corner to corner. Borders like those found in a traditional bath are seldom used because they would feel constrictive. Luxurious materials, such as stone, are treated simply so that nothing competes with or detracts from the beauty of the aterial itself. Modern designs often use larger tiles—8 in. by 8 in. , 6 in. by 12 in. , 12 in. by 12 in. , or 16 in. by 16 in. —because they feel more expansive. Visual interest comes from the use of multiple materials, patterns, textures, and plane changes. In this example, the height change at the shower area is emphasized with a bump-out separating the plumbing wall into two different planes. Within the shower, 12-in. by 12-in. stone tiles run floor to ceiling. The side edges of the stone tile are mitered to finish the outside corner. Outside the shower, 6-in. by 12-in. ceramic tiles are used on the walls. The running-bond pattern helps to tie the different materials together. 12-in. by 12-in. stone tiles Running-bond pattern is an easy, inexpensive way to add visual interest. Bump-out, 2 in. minimum 6-in. by 12-in. ceramic tiles 3 3. ChaNGING plaNES Room feels more expansive with large floor tiles. You read "Architectural Textbook on How to Draw Perspective and to Tiles" in category "Papers" Inside corner marks transition from large shower tiles to smaller wall tiles. Mitered outside corner 80 Bathroom Projects bility to use border designs without a special corner tile (see the inset drawing on p. 79). Other areas that demand careful planning are corner borders at wall intersections. If your bath has only inside corners, you will need tiles that are finished only on the face and one edge. Outside corners—those that project into the room—require tiles finished on the face, the top, and one side. If you use tile with a profile, you’ll need a special outside-corner tile. Not all tile manufacturers or lines include these special pieces. The baseboard area, at the junction of wall and floor, is another opportunity for a decorative border. If you used a color band at the top of the tiled wall, a second band of color would work well at the bottom. If not, consider a base tile that is taller than the wainscot tiles. You can choose base tiles with a profile that incorporates a radius to meet the floor tiles. cutting the tiles around the perimeter to fit. These guidelines recommend centering the pattern on either a tile or a grout line, depending on which choice results in the largest tiles around the edges of the room. This is a good place to start, but you may want to adjust your design in response to other features in the room. One of the typical ways your eye determines whether a pattern is centered is by comparing the end tiles: If the tiles on each end are equal in size, you assume the pattern is centered. However, if your eye cannot easily compare the end tiles to each other, you’ll look for other cues, such as alignment. Sometimes, especially in large rooms, it is preferable to center tiles along lines of sight or movement. By following this strategy, the tile pattern is centered on the person using the bathroom. Tiles centered on the entry door are centered on the person who walks through that door; wall tiles centered on the sink and on the mirror above are centered on the person looking in that mirror. Tiles centered on the showerhead and control valves also are centered on the person using the shower. If tile has been centered on the key sink and shower walls, the layout frequently is mirrored on the opposite wall. Centering tile on the sink and the shower controls may be difficult if the sink and the shower are on the same continuous wall; but this design should be possible if the distance between the centerline of the shower or tub fittings and the sink is a multiple of the tile size. Mark out the tile design before any rough plumbing work is done; then adjust fixture placements as required for the most attractive finished room. Alignment and centering of fixtures, tiles, and sightlines reinforces the organizing principles of the design. People subconsciously find that reinforcement reassuring and, consequently, attractive. Lynn Hopkins (www. lhopkinsarch. com), an architect specializing in residential design, is based in Lexington, Massachusetts. Floor Tiles Take a Cue From the Walls Floor tiles need to be more durable and slipresistant than wall tiles, so be sure to select a type intended for floor installation. The safety and durability characteristics of floor tiles may give them a different look than that of wall tiles. To tie the two surfaces together visually, use the same color, texture, pattern, or other design feature from the walls in the flooring. In a traditional bath, for instance, you might use a border of the same color on the walls and the floor. Another strategy is a floor patterned with a mix of small and large tiles, where the color of the small tiles matches that of the wall tile. Smaller tiles result in more grout lines, which give the floor more texture and make it less slippery. The additional grout is more susceptible to dirt and mildew, however. Center Tile Layout on Entries and Fixtures Many tile-layout guidelines suggest positioning the layout on the center of the room and Bathroom-Tile Design 81 1 BatHroom projects Details from Great Bathrooms Benches, shelves, and hooks. Don’t overlook the convenience of a small bench where you can sit and shave, shelves that can hold soap and shampoo, and some open wall space for towel hooks and bars. 82 Tile put to good use. Variations in tile size highlight architectural details, while glassblock tiles let in plenty of light. Bold and beautiful. the play of light and color in this bathroom isn’t an accident. t’s what happens when an architect plans a bathroom remodel with an artist. Details from Great Bathrooms 83 accentuate the positive. Large, rectangular porcelain tiles installed vertically draw attention to the shower’s high ceiling while the mosaic-tile floor provides plenty of traction. liven up a bland room. Blue and white mosaics splash color across the sink wall in this st. paul, minnesota, remodel. Color coordination. staying in the same color family ties together the mosaic pebble floor and the wall of sleek subway tiles. Updating a tradition. Designed to capture the calm richness of traditional japanese architecture but with a modern focus, this bathroom was created with wall and shower tiles by casalgrande padana and custom-cut slate floor tiles. 84 Bathroom Projects Balancing the budget. saving on white ceramic floor and wall tile freed up money for the aquacolored glass mosaic wall tile. let loose. a child’s bathroom is a great place to have fun with tile. this bathroom features a whimsical countertop of brightly colored tile. Use tile to differentiate. on the floor, a switch from 13-in. eramic tile to 2-in. tile (by cerim ceramiche) distinguishes the shower from the dry part of the room. on the walls, a mosaic strip (by ceramica tres estilos) adds zip. Details from Great Bathrooms 85 2 KITChen projeCTs Putting Tile to Work in the Kitchen by Lane Meehan O ur black Lab, Bogey, is a walking mud factory and sheds so much that for tile are granite, marble, and limestone, with granite being the hardest. Stone in its natural state is porous, so wherever it’s used in a kitchen, it must be sealed to resist staining and discoloration. Stone tile has color all the way through, so deep scratches won’t expose a different base color. However, a highly polished surface on a stone tile seems to accentuate even the smallest scratches. Stone can be installed on floors, countertops or backsplashes; however, it does tend to be a high-maintenance product. On the other hand, ceramic tile is made from clay rolled flat and either sun-baked or fired in a kiln. There are hundreds of different clays, each with its own characteristics that can vary the tile’s performance. Color is applied to ceramic tile in the form of baked-on glazes that also seal the tile. In the past, ceramic-tile finishes had problems standing up to heavy use and abuse, but with recent technical advances, ceramic tile now performs better than it used to. With most ceramic tile, the color is he should be bald. When it came time to choose tile for our kitchen floor, we looked for tile that would help disguise evidence of Bogey and our three active boys. We chose a tile that looks like stone but in a color and finish that could hide dirt and dog hair until I had a spare moment to run the vacuum. Our choice was based primarily on ease of maintenance, just one consideration when choosing kitchen tile. As a tile-store owner with a background in design, I field questions all the time about incorporating tile into clients’ kitchens. This chapter addresses the questions I am asked most frequently. What Types of Tile Can I Choose From? The two most basic categories of tile are stone and ceramic. Stone tile is a natural product, mined or quarried directly from the earth. The three most common stones used 86 Tile outlines and defines kitchen spaces. a tile border gives the island in this kitchen, designed by Tim Quigley of Minneapolis, its own separate visual space. The backsplash behind the stove forms a functional accent. Putting Tile to Work in the Kitchen 87 just on the surface, so deep scratches expose the clay below. Porcelain is another manmade tile product. Porcelain is much denser than ordinary ceramic, making it harder to scratch and break. But as with stone, the shinier the surface of ceramic or porcelain, the more scratches will show. So I try not to use highgloss tiles anywhere in a kitchen except on backsplashes, areas that are less susceptible to scratching. In the past, porcelain has been more expensive than ceramic, but improvements in technology have reduced the price. Beyond the amount of gloss, tile finishes can vary greatly. Tile finishes are graded by their ability to resist wear due to traffic; a light-industrial tile has a higher durability rating than most residential-grade tiles. Industrial-rated tile is a bit more expensive, but the extra cost makes sense if your kitchen resembles a freeway. In addition to a durability rating, the Tile Council of America (see â€Å"Sources† on p. 94) gives tile a coefficient of friction (COF) rating, which indicates how slippery the surface will be underfoot. But if the tile feels too smooth or too slick to the touch, it will probably be too slippery to use on the floor. How Do Lifestyle and Lighting Affect Choices? The first thing I ask clients about is their family, their lifestyle, and the way their kitchen is going to be used. For example, for a client who has a large family or who does a lot of entertaining, the kitchen is a busy hub with a casual atmosphere. For this kitchen, I might suggest warm-colored tile with perhaps a softer stone look. After the client’s lifestyle, I look at the type of lighting in the kitchen. If it is blessed with a great deal of natural light from windows or skylights, tumbled marble tile or tile with a matte finish will absorb light and create a softer look (see the photo on p. 90). A textured surface on the tile softens the effect even further. On the other hand, tile with a glossy finish reflects light and helps brighten areas of a kitchen that are dimly lighted or that receive little or no natural light. Remember that glossy tile used in a kitchen with a lot of light, either natural or artificial, requires more frequent cleaning because fingerprints and water spots tend to show up more. When choosing tile, I also look at the color and finish of the cabinets and countertops. If the counters and cabinets have a matte or satin finish, then I try to keep the same feel in the floors and the backsplash. By the same token, if the kitchen has the Tile Offers Almost Endless Options Multipurpose porcelain Ceramic wall tile with blue crackle glaze Commercial ceramic wall tile Rosso-Verona tumbled marble Handmade glazed wall tile Handmade sanded floor tile Porcelain floor tile Limestone tile Stone look-alike ceramic tile Marble floor or wall tile 88 Kitchen Projects Ceramic Tile: Porcelain vs. Nonporcelain l tiles made of clay and cured by heat are ceramic tiles. However, ceramic tile is best understood by dividing it into two product classifications: porcelain and nonporcelain. Their availability and look are roughly the same, but their durability is not. Thanks to a balance in the market, porcelain tiles can now be had at nearly the same price as nonporcelain products. a when the tiles are glazed. Also, when some porcelain tiles are glazed, they are no longer guaranteed to be frostproof. nonporcelain tile is easier to work with Nonporcelain tiles are made primarily of clay mixed with minerals and water. The material is then fired to solidify the tiles into a bisque form. This process creates tile that isn’t as hard as porcelain, so it can be worked more easily with basic snap cutters and nippers instead of a wet saw. In most cases, a sealer and a glaze are applied to the surface of nonporcelain tile to create color and texture before the tile receives a second firing. The glaze applied to nonporcelain tile can make it extremely durable, but never as durable as porcelain. Nonporcelain tile’s main weakness is that it has a water-absorption rate of greater than 0. %. As a result, the tile doesn’t perform nearly as well as unglazed porcelain tile in outdoor freeze/thaw environments. porcelain tile is more durable Porcelain tiles are created by mixing porcelain clay and very finely ground sand, and curing them with high heat and pressure. Porcelain tile is denser and harder than nonporcelain tile and has a lower water-absorption rate of 0. 5% or less. Porcelainâ€⠄¢s density makes it highly resistant to physical damage, while its low absorption rate makes the tile frost resistant, allowing it to be used outdoors. Unglazed porcelain tile is sought after for its full-body characteristics, which means its color remains consistent throughout the tile. Surface scratches and damage are less noticeable as a result, a benefit that diminishes The top choice when strength matters most. although nonporcelain tiles can be quite durable, none are as resilient as porcelain. Buy what looks good. even though damage to nonporcelain tiles is more noticeable than with some porcelain tile, they can be purchased in grades that are perfectly suited for high-contact areas like kitchen counters and floors. Putting Tile to Work in the Kitchen 89 Tile can act as a dimmer switch. This kitchen gets lots of light from two sides. The natural colors and matte finish of the tumbled-marble countertop and backsplash help soften the light and cut down on glare in a kitchen with a lot of windows. polished, streamlined look of many contemporary kitchens, I suggest a straightforward tile pattern with a glossy finish. Tile color can make a large contribution toward a warm or cool feel in a kitchen. The earthy tones of limestone or tumbled marble are the warmest of the tile colors, while bright whites and blues tend to be quite cool. But even cool colors can be warmed with colored grout. For example, an ivory or off-white grout color can take the cool edge off bright white. The reverse can be true if you’re trying to achieve a formal or industrial feel with gray or blue tile. A steel-gray grout helps create a crisp, cool look. A quick vacuum and an occasional mopping, and you’re off and running. If cooking and entertaining are big parts of your life, then I’d suggest tile that won’t stain if hot grease and oil or an occasional glass of wine is spilled on it. A glazed ceramic tile works best in this situation, but for an Old World look, you can use a real stone, such as limestone. If you select a stone-tile floor, be sure to treat it with a good sealer according to the manufacturer’s directions. We recommend either Miracle Sealants’ Porous Plus or One Master Marble and Stone Care’s Gold Shield (see â€Å"Sources† on p. 94) for sealing stone tile. No matter what tile you choose for your kitchen floor, the grout should also be sealed. To make the grout more impervious to spills and stains, I recommend starting with a latex-modified grout or one that is mixed with a latex additive instead of water. Once the grout has cured properly, a sealer such as Miracle Sealants’ Porous Plus will fight off most food incursions. Another grout option is epoxy, which is stain resistant and does not require sealing. But because epoxy is harder to work with for the installer, we generally use it for smaller Will My Three Boys and the Family Dog Hurt My Tile Floor? A client’s lifestyle has the biggest bearing on the choice of floor tile. If you’d rather spend time with your three growing boys than take care of your kitchen floor, I suggest tile that hides a multitude of sins (and dirt) and always seems to look nice, such as a ceramic-stone look-alike (see the photo on the facing page). 90 Kitchen Projects No time for cleaning? For busy, active families with kids and pets, consider a tile floor with a lot of color variations such as this stone look-alike. It stays better looking longer between cleanings. areas, such as countertops. With some tile, such as limestone, epoxy grout is not recommended, so be sure to check with manufacturers’ suggestions. some sort of threshold to create a clean transition into the next room. Tile thickness can also affect doors that swing into the kitchen, as well as appliances, such as dishwashers or trash compactors, that have to fit under the countertops in a kitchen. How Does a Tile Floor Relate to Adjacent Rooms? The kitchen-floor tile should help establish a visual flow into the surrounding areas, so I ask clients about the colors and materials on the floors of the rooms that are adjoining the kitchen. For example, if the kitchen floor joins up with a dark wood floor in the dining room, consider using tile with a warm, medium color to cut down on the visual contrast between rooms. If the kitchen floor meets colored carpet in an adjacent room, keep in mind that you’ll probably change the carpet at some point, so choose a neutral tile color that will go with future carpet choices. Tile thickness is another consideration. Whether the kitchen floor butts up against other existing tile, hardwood floors, or carpet, the tile installer will need to install Can Tile Make My Tiny Kitchen Look Bigger? Tile layout can have a big impact on a room’s appearance. While a parallel or straight pattern can intensify the narrowness of a kitchen, a diagonal tile pattern makes a room look wider (see the sidebar on p. 93). Tile size can also affect the appearance of the room. The smaller the tile, the busier the grout–joint pattern. The simple grout–joint pattern you get with larger 10-in. to 12-in. tiles can make a small room look larger. Smaller 4-in. to 6-in. iles on a floor can have the opposite effect, creating a mosaic pattern or a cobblestone look. Clipping the corners of square tiles creates hexagons or octagons with small square spaces left between. The small tiles (called Putting Tile to Work in the Kitchen 91 dots) that fill the spaces can introduce a dash of color to the floor in a patter n that breaks up the simple straight lines. Irregular tile patterns such as block random (using three sizes of tile) or a pinwheel pattern can help unify a kitchen that has many entrances and exits. These patterns also work well to blend together tile that is highly varied in color. A tile border on the floor can make a kitchen look cozier by bringing the eye in or by creating a frame around the kitchen table or an island (see the photo on p. 87). slab. And with granite tile, it’s easy to add a border to accent or complement the color of the stone. One drawback to stone tile on a countertop is the edges. Although you can round over the edges, granite tile is thinner than a solid slab (3? 8 in. to 1? 2 in. compared with 11? 4 in. , normal thickness for a granite slab), so it’s tougher to get the same full-slab look. Another drawback is not being able to install an undermount sink with granite tile. Although the tight grout joints of granite tile create a good, smooth work surface, machine-made ceramic tile with standard grout joints makes a slightly rougher work surface. Handmade tile is usually installed with wider grout joints that are charming, but its inherently bumpy surface can be difficult to work on and can cause wine glasses and bowls to tip over (see the photos at left). The edges of a tile countertop can be addressed in various ways. Continuing the tile over the edge gives the countertop a thick look. Relief tile, such as a rope pattern, can turn countertop edges into a visual focal point. Wooden edges that match or complement cabinets are also popular. As on floors, borders on countertops can add decoration. But if it’s used in too large an area or if a lot of items are stored on the counter, a border can be lost or distracting. Tile can also be combined with other types of surfaces for a dramatic look (see the photo on p. 90). For instance, the savings from tiling most of the countertop might leave enough money for a solid slab of granite in the sink area for an undermount sink. A stone slab or a wood surface on only the island could make a bold statement while providing a smooth surface for an informal eating area. Is Tile OK for a Kitchen Countertop? Granite-slab countertops have long been popular in high-end kitchens. Tile countertops, both ceramic and stone, have some of the same attributes as slabs, such as durability and heat resistance, but at less than half the cost, depending on the tile you choose. Granite tile can be installed with tight grout joints to give the impression of a solid Handmade tile is pretty but uneven. The irregular surface of handmade ceramic tile is a challenge to work on and can be hazardous to wine glasses. Cutting boards should always be used on tile countertops. 92 Kitchen Projects Tile Patterns at Work he right pattern can make a kitchen look wider. Floor tile installed in a straight pattern makes a narrow room seem narrower (see the left photo below) while tile in a T diagonal pattern softens the tunnel effect of a long, narrow kitchen, making it seem wider (see the right photo below). Can Tile Be Used as a Cutting Board? Although few tile or stone surfaces can stand up to a sharp kitchen knife, most hold up well under other kitchen rigors such as abuse from pots and pans. Limestone scratches easily, but those scratches can be sanded out. Surfaces such as glossy tile or highly polished granite tend to show marks more readily, and their scratches are harder to remove or cover up. Stone or ceramic tile with a matte finish tends to hide scratches and surface abrasions better. Stone tile is also porous, so it has to be sealed properly to resist staining from things such as red wine and grease. And some ceramic tiles, as well as polished stone such as granite or marble, can lose their shine when exposed to some food acids. As in floors, latex-modified grout should be used on tiled countertops along with a good coat of grout sealer. Again, epoxy grout, which costs a little more and is a little harder to install, will make the grout impenetrable. Should the Backsplash Blend or Make a Splash? A tile backsplash is the spot where you can be really creative with tile in the kitchen (see the photos on p. 94). Because a backsplash functions to protect the wall from splashes and splatters that come from cooking and preparing food, the only prerequisite is that backsplash tile be easy to keep clean. Beyond that, the choices become mainly aesthetic. I always ask clients how much stuff they plan to keep on their countertops. Toasters, microwaves, and canisters tend to block the backsplash, and in that case, the backsplash just provides a backdrop of color and tex- Putting Tile to Work in the Kitchen 93 sources Miracle Sealants Company 800-350-1901 www. miraclesealants. com ture. I usually recommend extending the tile from the countertop all the way to the bottoms of the wall cabinets so that the backsplash acts as a visual connection between the upper and lower cabinets. Borders usually work best above long stretches of counter that are uninterrupted by windows or appliances. And when installed three-quarters of the way up the backsplash, a border won’t get lost near the countertop or under the wall cabinets. At that height, a border will usually clear the height of the toaster or a bowl of fruit for a continuous line. If the client is thinking of having decorative tiles scattered randomly throughout the backsplash, I suggest taping playing cards to the wall at random to see if the effect works in that particular kitchen. Playing cards can also be used in a line to test the visual power of a border. Isn’t Tile Expensive? Tile varies greatly in price, and budget is a concern for the vast majority of my clients. So here’s my strategy for keeping costs down. First, use reasonably priced machinemade tile for large areas in the kitchen. Then there will be money left for those handmade borders, small murals, or strategically placed accent tiles that will give your kitchen a rich look without breaking the bank (see the right photo below). Installation prices can vary greatly depending on the type of tile, the layout, and the conditions of the existing floors and walls. A tile installer can explain what your options are and how much each option costs. Even if you opt for a less expensive installation, always seal the tile. Sealing tile is pretty easy, so you can save a little by doing it yourself. Spend some money on a good sealer. Lane Meehan is a tile maker and designer of decorative tiles. She and her husband, Tom, own and manage Cape Cod Tileworks in Harwich, Massachusetts. orous plus One Master Marble and Stone Care 760-406-1097 www. onemastermarble. com Gold shield The Tile Council of America 864-646-8453 www. tileusa. com Tile Art and Accents he backsplash of cows in a pasture (see the left photo below) in this kitchen designed by Randy Fritz of Lakeside, Calif. , combines the art of Roger Dunham of Petaluma, Calif. , with the practicality of T ceramic tile. Random decorative tiles in a backsplash of less expens ive, machine-made tile (see the right photo below) give this kitchen a colorful accent. 94 Kitchen Projects How to cite Architectural Textbook on How to Draw Perspective and to Tiles, Papers

Tuesday, April 28, 2020

King Lear - Blindness Essays - King Lear, British Films, Films

King Lear - Blindness In Shakespeare's "King Lear" the issue of sight against blindness is a recurring theme. In Shakespearean terms, being blind does not refer to the physical inability to see. Blindness is here a mental flaw some characters posses, and vision is not derived solely from physical sight. King Lear and Gloucester are the two prime examples Shakespeare incorporates this theme into. Each of these characters' lack of vision was the primary cause of the unfortunate decisions they made, decisions that they would eventually come to regret. The blindest of all was undoubtedly King Lear. Because of his high position in society he is supposed to be able to distinguish good from bad: unfortunately, his lack of insight prevented him to do so. However, his "vision" is clouded by his lack of insight. Since he cannot see into other people's characters, he can never identify them for who they truly are. When Lear is angered by Cordelia, Kent tries to reason with Lear, who is too stubborn to remain open-minded. Lear responds to Kent's opposition with, "Out of my sight!" to which Kent responds: "See better, Lear, and let me still remain" (Act I, sc I, l. 160). Kent, once banished, creates a disguise for himself and is eventually hired by Lear as a servant. The king's vision is so superficial that he is easily deceived by Kent's changed appearance. He can never see his trusted servant for whom he really is. He only learns of Kent's noble and honest character just prior to his death, when his vision is cleared. By this time, however, it is too late for an honest relationship to be salvaged. Lear's vision is also blurred by his lack of direction in life, and his poor ability to predict the outcome of his actions. This, in addition to his lack of insight into other people, condemns his relationship with his most beloved daughter, Cordelia. When Lear asks his daughters who loves him most, he already thinks that Cordelia has the most love for him. However, when Cordelia says: "I love your Majesty According to my bond, no more nor less (Act I, sc. I,ln. 94-95) Lear cannot see what these words really mean. Goneril and Regan are only putting on an act. Their love for their father is not as great as they say. Cordelia's words show that she has seen her sisters' facade, and she does not want to associate her true love with their false love. Lear, however, is fooled by Goneril and Regan into thinking that they love him and Cordelia does not. Kent, who has sufficient insight, is able to see through the dialogue and knows that Cordelia is the only daughter who actually loves Lear. He tries to convince Lear of this, saying "Answer my life my judgment, Thy youngest daughter does not love thee least" (Act I, sc I, ln. 153-154). Lear, however, only sees what is on the surface, and cannot understand the deeper intentions of his daughters' speeches. As his anger grows from the argument, his foresight diminishes and he becomes increasingly rash and narrow-minded. When Lear disowns Cordelia and banishes her from his kingdom he says "?we Have no such daughter, nor shall ever see That face of hers again" (Act I, scene I, lines 264-266) Ironically, he later discovers that Cordelia is the only daughter he wants to see, asking her to "forget and forgive" (Act IV, scene VII, line 85). By this time, he has finally started to gain some direction, and his sight is cleared. But it is too late. His lack of precognition had condemned him from the beginning, and actually cost him his and his daughter's life. In Lear's character one sees that physical sight does not necessary guarantee clear sight. Gloucester however shows that physical blindness does not bring about lack of insight into other people's intentions. Prior to the loss of his eyes, Gloucester's vision was very much like Lear's. He was unable to see what was going on around him. Instead, he only saw what was presented to him on the surface. His blindness denies him the ability to see the goodness of Edgar and the evil of Edmund. Although Edgar was the good and loving

Friday, March 20, 2020

Business Ethics in Latin America Essays

Business Ethics in Latin America Essays Business Ethics in Latin America Essay Business Ethics in Latin America Essay The business ethics climate in Latin America Written by Florien H. International Business Semester 2013 Course: Business Ethics The business ethics climate in Latin America A problem for international companies, taking Peru as an example! The Spanish saying: El queue no trans no banana. (One that doses t act unethical will not proceed), unfortunately describes best the prevailing immoral way of doing business in the Latin American region. Despite various approaches to achieve a mutual acceptance of those values among society, attempts were carried out neither tit economies of scope, nor state support. The efforts stayed in vain and even were adumbrated by corruptive example and bribery which are still considered as a form of remuneration. Though in Latin America business might follow different moral principles, ethics can be defined as a rigorous analytical business tool which applies least clarify those moral issues which typically arise in business (E. Sternberg; 1995). When going abroad, those distinct ethical values often blur and suddenly are inclined to appear as values in tension. For Donaldson, the key of acting ethical, when ongoing business outside your countrys borders, is a balancing act somewhere in between cultural relativism and ethical imperialism, always heeding human values. Considering the first extreme, no culture s ethics is better than any other and accordingly a relativist would always adapt the societys habits in which he currently operates. However this liberal attitude stumbles once the issue becomes more crucial. A cultural relativist would even accept a business action which violates human values. In 2010 Peru for instance was plagued by a major flooding. Especially he region around Mach Fichu, an area with a high proportion of tourists was affected. All roads and rails were impassible which neither made it feasible for tourists to leave, nor ensure the steady supply of aids from outside. The reckless business practices and impotence of the government led the shop-, restaurant-, and hotel owners to raise their prices, which compelled many tourists to sleep outside, being robbed, and suffering from hunger (BBC_news). Since cultural relativists would not collide with this business conduct, Donaldson calls them morally blind (Donaldson, 2003, p. 1 16). The second extreme, an ethical imperialist, would always direct the people to proceed as it is common in the home country. Antipathy to this behavior also sounds from the South American world: This cultural diversity raises very difficult philosophical questions, and some criticize the ethical imperialism that they perceive the US and Europe to try to impose on the rest of the world ( O. Shiplap-Pieta, 1995, A region in transition). The theory behind it is absolutism which entails three core problems: The first challenge is that the different cultures should always be respected although attitudes may differ from country to country. The second issue describes how people should demonstrate moral truth using only one set of concepts: We all learn ethics in the context of our particular cultures, and the power in the principles is deeply tied to the way in which they are expressed (Donaldson, 2003, p. 1 18). Finally, context must always shape practice, believing in a global standard of ethical behavior (Donaldson, 2003). Human values, which Donaldson describes as the minimum ethical standards that must guide manager s actions as a benchmark for all companies (Donaldson, 2003, . 21), always have to be respected and preserved. They include three core values: Firstly, the respect for human dignity by creating and sustaining a corporate culture, like the right for good health offered to every employee. Secondly, the respect, support and protection for basic human rights, like health, education and an adequate standard of living. Finally, good citizenship is essential to support and three serve as a moral compass for al l companies, formulating and evaluating standards of an ethical conduct. Although values, honesty, religion, and respect actually seem to be attractive heartsickness of the Latin American people, the image is besmirched by corruption, fraud, bribery, and the disparity of wealth distribution. Low ethical standards in the politics have had deep impact on individuals, organizations and the economic system (M. Radar, 1997, p. L). With an area of about 21 million square kilometers, and an estimated population of more than 590 million people, primarily speaking Spanish and Portuguese, the Roman Catholic dominated zone divides into 19 countries, with Peru being one of it. Despite a ninety percent proportion of this about religious denomination participating in religious orientated associations like UNIVAC, even Monsignor Oscar Rodriguez, the president of CLAM, the Latin American Bishop s Conference, expressed the church s anxiety about the distressing situation: Corruption has become a way of life in Latin America (C. Morsels, 1997, p. 7). The faith in the church s paradigms, especially in integrity the steadfast adherence to a strict moral or ethical code (Defenestration. Com) and social responsibility, is regrettably often very distant and betimes leads to dichotomy. The excessive consumption, materialism and selfishness, prevailing in the relatively small upper layers of society, often clashes with real poverty, caused by a lack of education. According to Radar the aim should be to strengthen the religious formation in order to reach a larger proportion of the population and let their activities be guided by the resulting moral principles. Business desire for short-term gains and a corruptive environment, even practiced by state executives, is not despised as unethical but rather as an acceptable cultural habit. It seems as if irruption, presumably the most complex problem of the Americas, has struck deep roots through all layers of society (O. Shiplap-Pieta, 1998). Those unsounded economic policies endured and poor governance even made it worse by impairing the establishment of market competition. In 1995 corruption in Argentina, was believed to account for a proportion of 20 billion$ out of the total GAP of 300 billion$ (Ernest Garcia, 1995). Chile officiates as an example for the Latin world, a country which dedicates high importance to the promotion of private companies since the 1980 s. Those entities advance the responsibility of business ethics, not only among their company, but for the Chilean society as a whole. Oscar Shiplap-Pieta derives two objectives for a sustainable implementation of business ethics in the Latin American society, especially for Peru: First of all, it is extremely important to set high and solid standards of accountability, which go far beyond the minimal legal requirements, currently prevailing. Although clear rules and laws already exist, only a few regions in these countries enforce compliance. Complicity and connivance in equines are so common that in general the South American public profoundly distrusts business and government Following the lead of many political and business leaders, and acknowledge that many individuals from higher social classes go unpunished, many ordinary citizens of South American countries Justify unethical business ethics programs, especially for transnational companies, need to be implemented. Ninety percent of all Fortune 500 companies have codes conduct, and seventy percent have statements of vision and values, but don t stick to it in business (Donaldson, 2003, p. 24). Those can, opposed to the current opinion, offer a win-win situation thus the company will differentiate itself from the competition. Still one has to acknowledge that during the last decades exactly the Latin American region has undergone an impressive process towards democracy and fairness in politics and economics. Peru, the third largest country of South America is now, after a period of turbulence, making remarkable steps towards reforming its current political system and rise in both, the development and confidence in the business sector. It still holds true, that many business people find it imperative to recover the ultra and religious traditions and especially the young generation reveals a higher interest in fair business practices. Accordingly the number of students participating in ethic courses has been rising constantly (Russo/ SSTEagleburger, 2012). Further examples of organized initiatives for a moral renewal are the OAKS and its ratified sub-organizations, and a still very active meeting of businessman from all over the world, the Coax Round Table. All are constantly seeking for processes that identify shared values and perspectives on business behavior acceptable to and honored by al (Coax Round Table. Org). Although the attitude towards time is less rigid than in other cultures and Peruvians even distinguish between: la hoar persona and la hoar angles, Latino in general are known for their warmth and friendliness which they initially express by greeting with hugs and kisses. Muff may even be startled to have a Latin businessman hold your elbow while conversing, or walk down the street arm-in-arm (blob. Starchiness; 2012, The Touchy Feeling). Over time they actually care about your personality and try to develop an individual business connection of rust and intimacy. It is essential to understand the culture and adjust your expectations accordingly and soon you will find a very enjoyable place to do business in. In conclusion, Latin America has despite all positive development achieved, still a profound backlog of actually putting the theoretical bases into practice. Struggling with economic problems and corrupt political institutions, it appears difficult to change the founded habits of society. Examples like Chile and various associations fighting for a solid acceptance of core business values, combined with the honesty, elisions ties, and respect as the most significant properties of the Latin American people, will attract foreign companies respecting core values and promote a sustainable change towards a mutually accepted value system. Business Leaders. Its goal is to promote, in the light of the Christian Social Teachings, a vision and a deployment of Corporate Social Responsibility serving people and the common good of the World. (Univac. Org) the AS uses a four-pronged approach to effectively implement its essential purposes.

Tuesday, March 3, 2020

Johann Friedrich Struensee Biography

Johann Friedrich Struensee Biography Though he was an important figure in Danish history, German physician Johann Friedrich Struensee is not particularly well known in Germany. The period he lived in, the late 18th century, is known as the Age of Enlightenment. New schools of thought were introduced and revolutionary ideas made their way to courts, Kings,  and Queens. Some of the policies of European rulers were heavily coined by the likes of Voltaire, Hume, Rousseau or Kant. Born and schooled in Halle, Struensee soon moved close to Hamburg. He studied medicine and, just like his grandfather, he was to become personal physician to the Danish King, Christian VII. His father Adam was a high-ranking cleric, thus Struensee came from a very religious home. After he had already finished his university career at the age of twenty, he chose to become a doctor for the poor in Altona (today a quarter of Hamburg, Altona used to be a Danish city from 1664-1863). Some of his contemporaries criticized him for using new methods in medicine and his rather modern worldviews, as Struensee was a strong supporter of many enlightened philosophers and thinkers. As Struensee had already been in contact with the royal Danish court, he was picked as the personal physician for King Christian VII while the latter traveled through Europe. Throughout their journey, the two men became close friends. The King, in a long line of Danish Kings with severe mental issues, known for his wild antics without regard to his young wife, Queen Caroline Mathilde, sister of the English King George III. The country was more or less ruled by a council of aristocrats, which made the King sign every new law or regulation. When the travel party returned to Copenhagen in 1769, Johann Friedrich Struensee joined them and was appointed the permanent personal physician to the King, who’s escapades got the best of him once more.  Ã‚   Just as in any good movie, Struensee got to know the Queen Caroline Mathilde and they fell in love. As he saved the crown prince’s life, the German doctor and the royal family became very close. Struensee managed to rekindle the King’s interest in politics and started influencing him with his enlightened views. Right from the start of his involvement with the King’s affairs, many members of the royal council looked upon Johann Friedrich with suspicion. Nonetheless, he became more and more influential and quite soon the Christian appointed him to the royal council. As the King’s mind drifted away more and more, Struensee’s power increased. Soon he presented Christian with numerous laws and legislation that changed the face of Denmark. The King willingly signed them. While issuing many reforms that were supposed to better the situation of the peasants, amongst other things making Denmark the first country to abolish serfdom, Struensee managed to weaken the royal council’s power. In June 1771, Christian named Johann Friedrich Struensee Secret Cabinet Minister and gave him the general power of attorney, de facto making him the absolute ruler of the Danish Kingdom. But whereas he developed an incredible efficiency in issuing new legislation and enjoyed a harmonious love life with the Queen, dark clouds started to tower on the horizon. His conservative opposition to the basically powerless royal council turned to intrigue. They used the rather new technology of printing to discredit Struensee and Caroline Mathilde. They spread flyers all over Copenhagen, stirring up the people against the opaque German physician and the English Queen. Struensee didn’t really pay attention to these tactics, he was far too busy, radically changing the cou ntry. In fact, the rate at which he issued new laws was so high he even opposed those powers at the court that weren’t actually opposed to many of the changes he made. Though, to them, the changes came too fast and went too far. In the end, Struensee became so involved with his work, that he didn’t see his downfall coming. In a cloak-and-dagger operation, the opposition made the now almost moronic King sign an arrest warrant for Struensee, marking him a traitor for consorting with the Queen – a crime punishable by death – and further charges. In April 1772, Johann Friedrich Struensee was executed, while Caroline Mathilde was divorced from Christian and eventually banned from Denmark. After his death, most of the changes Struensee had made to Danish legislation were undone.​ The dramatic story of the German doctor who ruled Denmark and – for a short while – made it one of the most advanced countries at the time, who fell in love with the Queen and ended up being executed, has been the topic of many books and movies, even though not as many as you might think.

Sunday, February 16, 2020

Us formative history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Us formative history - Essay Example They are document 1, document 2, document 3, and essay on the New World of Indians. Document 1 is a myth by Iroquois explaining the world’s beginning. The myth illustrates that the world never existed in the beginning, not even the land, the creatures, or the men. However, there was only the ocean that occupied entire space and the great air void above ocean surface. Document 2 illustrates the 1448 historic events of the battles between the Portuguese and the West Africans. The Portuguese directed their voyage to Cape Verder where two Guineas were captured in the past. On reaching the shore the Portuguese found a village with houses and men willing to defend it. Alvaro Fernandez killed the leader of the village, and the Guineas stopped fighting on realizing that their leader is dead (Jones 107). Document 3 explains the 1493 encounter of Christopher Columbus with the Native People. Christopher Columbus passed by Indies, using the fleet given by the King and the Queen, and saw several islands with many inhabitants. The inhabitants walk around naked; save for some women who cover their private parts with a plant leaf or some specially made cotton material (Morison 55). The essay explains the New World of the Indians. Even though the encounter of the Americas by the Europeans led to major effects in the Indian society; the indigenous people had inhabited the Americas for approximately millennia. The New World was experienced when the Indians encountered the Africans and the European, in the Virginia and also the California. The contact brought vast changes to the Indians society (Johnson 24). Document 1 describes the world origin myth. The sea had fish and deep sea creatures. The birds lived in the air, and the sky world had a man and his pregnant wife. The wife fell through a hole in the sky and landed on the back of the huge sea turtle. The woman gave birth to a daughter, who on reaching maturity bore quarrelsome twins. Right handed twin

Sunday, February 2, 2020

Dianna Abdala case Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Dianna Abdala case - Assignment Example Mr. Korman should not have forwarded the emails to other people while Abdala should not have reacted the way she did by accepting the job and then dismissing it again. This inconvenienced Mr. William Korman. To some extend it would jeopardize her career since Korman conducted major law firms about the incidents, which eventually resulted in many people apologizing to Korman on behalf of Abdala. William Korman warned Abdala on her professionalism. In addition, he told her to watch out because she might end up offending more young experienced lawyers at the start of her career. The exchange between Korman and Abdala becomes some of the similar email gaffes portrayed by many individuals. Emails on many occasions bring emotional responses in that they might cause anger or upset. For instance, in this case, Korman expressed his anger by forwarding the emails he received from Abdala to other people. In addition, there is lack of personal touch; some things such as contracts are done well if not typed. Emails cannot out do had written letters when it comes to strengthening relationship like in this

Saturday, January 25, 2020

Myphone Business Plan For Mobile Phone Shop

Myphone Business Plan For Mobile Phone Shop The purpose for this business plan to study the feasibility to establish a mobile phone showroom in Abu Dhabi City, the capital of United Arab Emirates. The showroom will offer Nokia mobile phones as main product. Along with that we will offer a wide range of accessories and relevant spare parts. MyPhone provides both mobile phones products and services to make them useful to private users. We are especially focused on providing customer satisfaction to our esteemed customers. The products include both hand held mobile telephone sets and servicing the products after sales along with giving the necessary training and support. The only way we can hope to differentiate well is to define the vision of the company to be a technology ally to our clients. We will not be able to compete in any effective way with the chains using boxes or products as appliances. We need to offer a real alliance. The benefits we sell include many intangibles: confidence, reliability, knowing that somebody will be there to answer questions and help at the important times. The definitive worldwide standard for wireless communications has just broken through the 200 million-customer barriers. However, the GSM industry is one of the most impressive success stories of the 1990s and currently generates more than $100 Billion a year in subscriber revenues alone. We have some major mobile phone distributors in the city, such like Emirates Computers, Juma Al-Majed and Jumbo Electronics. If our strategy works, we will have differentiated ourselves sufficiently to not have to compete against these stores. Our strategy hinges on providing excellent service and support. This is critical. We need to differentiate on service and support, and to therefore deliver as well. Our business is a retail store. The ideal place for the prospected Showroom will be at the new constructed shopping center in Tourist Club Area at East Side of Abu Dhabi City. In order to hold costs down as much as possible, we concentrate our purchasing with Nokia Regional Office in Jabel Ali at Dubai. We are going to have four major employees: Manger, Sales Lady, Technician and accountant. There are some factors that will affect severely on the growing of our proposed business, such like: Customer is looking into factory guarantee for replacement the defected sets. Nokia corporation will grant us immediately this kind of warranty. Usually customers are insisting in buying only the original spare parts and accessories. Therefore we are going to offer only original spare parts and accessories to gain the customer satisfaction. Index Business Overview: Vision Statement: Products: Key Features of Products: Production of Product: Company Industry: Overview of the Industry Community: Major Competitors: Comparative Advantages: Future Products Services: Operations: Location Premises: Purchase: Resources: Management: Management Structure: Professional Services Employee Training: Risks Plans to Minimize: Implementation Schedule: 1) Business Overview: 1.1 Vision Statement: MyPhone is such a vendor. It serves its clients as a trusted ally, providing them with the loyalty of a business partner and the economics of an outside vendor. We make sure that our clients have what they need to run their private and business life as well as possible, with maximum efficiency and reliability. Our ambitious is mission critical, so we give our clients the assurance that we will be there when they need us. 1.2 Products: MyPhone provides both mobile phones products and services to make them useful to private users. We are especially focused on providing customer satisfaction to our esteemed customers. The products include both hand held mobile telephone sets and servicing the products after sales along with giving the necessary training and support. In mobile phones, we support three main lines: The less feature mobile telephone set, which is our smallest and least expensive line, initially positioned by its manufacturer as low-income users. We use it mainly as a cheap mobile phone for workers and non- professional people. The Power User is our main up-scale line. It is our most important mobile telephone set for high-end individual as classified for medium range of income, because of they are the majority of the users, and they are requiring sets with more features and large capacity batteries. However, we will offer a luxury type of mobile telephone set with extreme fancy looking and elegant design, for the upper class of the society and manly for the Ladies who are impressed for such model as part of their prestige in the society. In service and support, we offer a range of walk-in service and guarantees through our well capable workshop and professional technician. 1.3 Key Features of Products: The only way we can hope to differentiate well is to define the vision of the company to be a technology ally to our clients. We will not be able to compete in any effective way with the chains using boxes or products as appliances. We need to offer a real alliance. The benefits we sell include many intangibles: confidence, reliability, knowing that somebody will be there to answer questions and help at the important times. These are complex products, products that require serious knowledge and experience to use, and our competitors sell only the products themselves. Unfortunately, we cannot sell the products at a higher price just because we offer services; the market has shown that it will not support that concept. We have to also sell the service and charge for it separately. 1.4 Production of Product: As we are attending to be as a distributor only for one of the major brand of Mobile Phone in the market Nokia. Therefore we will import or stock directly, and it will not be any kind of production in our firm. Moreover, our business will depend on retailing and not on production. 2) Company Industry: 2.1 Overview of the Industry Community: The Industry: GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications): The definitive worldwide standard for wireless communications has just broken through the 200 million-customer barriers. Achieving this milestone of 200 million subscribers to GSM services is the powerful result of the continuing need for people to communicate and access information on the move. With four new customers every second, the latest figures exceed, yet again, all industry predictions and demonstrate the persistently dramatic growth of GSM throughout the world. As at the end of 1997, there were more than 200 million mobile phone subscribers worldwide and the global sales volume was over 100 million units, an increase of about 50% from the previous year. By the end of the year 2001, it is believed that the global subscriber base will have grown to approximately 600 million. Coupled with the subscriber increase, the mobile phone sales volumes are growing due to the rise of the replacement market. GSM has established itself as the worlds leading digital wireless standard, and it is believed that the current growth rates will continue for the foreseeable future. At present levels, it is confident in the predictions that by the year 2005, it will have achieved between 700 million and One Billion GSM customers worldwide. The GSM industry is one of the most impressive success stories of the 1990s and currently generates more than $100 Billion a year in subscriber revenues alone. Its impressive growth rates are once again attributed to soaring global markets and the sustained penetration of new emerging markets. In all the markets it has been starting to see a widespread take-up of a host of GSM value added services, beyond voice usage, including data and text applications. This demonstrates how GSM is an evolving technology that offers exciting new services and opportunities for subscribers. The future is even more exciting, as the development path for the GSM standard is clearly mapped out and presents an exciting era of applications and services that will stretch the bounds of the imagination. It is moving closer and closer to the delivery of third generation services, which will see multi-media applications, internet access and access to real-time video, via GSM-based networks and handsets. This will ensure that GSM continues to be the standard of choice and heralds continued massive customer growth in the years to come. The Emirates Telecommunication Corporation Etisalat: The UAE has a prominent status in the field of telecommunications as its achievements are reaching the quality and standards of the developed countries. The demands for telecommunications facilities in the UAE are growing at a phenomenal rate. The local Emirates Telecommunications Corporation (ETISALAT) which is 60% state-owned controls this sector and 40% owned by private UAE investors. Since its creation in 1976, Etisalat has increased the number of telephone lines from 50,000 to over 850,000 and plans to raise switching capacity by an annual rate of 100,000. In the UAE, demand for new lines is growing at about 12% per year. Etisalat, motivated by the realization that attractive infrastructure would encourage many businesses to locate in the UAE, has become one of the most profitable telecommunications organizations in the Gulf region and has joined in a number of projects, ranging from a 19,000 kilometers fiber-optic cable to link Europe with South-East Asia. The first stage of the cable link is to lay the so-called Fiber-Optic Gulf (FOG), which will use the most modern submarine technology and provide the UAE with links capable of carrying around 120,000 voice channels at any one time. Etisalat is the name that spells reliable communications in the UAE with global connectivity. Etisalat provides services on a par with the best in the world and has an advanced communications network, which is virtually fault free. All switching systems are digital, common channel signaling system number 7 (SS7) has been introduced, and an analog mobile radio network has been operating successfully for several years. Some of the state of the art services being offered by Etisalat: Telephone Service: This is done through public call offices, pay phones, smart card and credit card operated pay phones, smart card operated pay phones, and others. A report by the Etisalats director general showed that the direct telephone switchboard lines increased by (10 %) lines yearly and totaling 850,000 at the end of 1999. Telephone lines percentage also increased from 29 to 31 for each 100 people which places the UAE in the lead of the Gulf region. The report also indicated an increase of 27.9% in public phones with an amount of 20,000 at the end of 1999 compared to 12,078 in 1995. As far as mobile phones are concerned, the number of subscriptions reached 1.2 million in end of 1999 compared to 128,495 in 1995. As it is roughly one-in-two of the population and 30,000 to 40,000 new phones were being sold each month. Thus Etisalat maintained its leading position among the countries of the region by realizing the highest growth rates of mobile phones at 50 phones for every 100 people. The Global System for Mobile GSM Communication The digital mobile system which gives a new dimension to mobile communications has been in growing demand because of its satisfactory requirements for national mobile radio networks. These are high performance, international compatibility, fully digital operation, and encrypted air-interface. The UAE is one of the first countries in the Gulf region to introduce this service to serve the social and economic developments in the country. One of the main benefits of the GSM, is the ability to use the GSM service on most of the GSM networks around the world, Charges: GSM service connection Dhs 200 once only GSM service subscription Dhs 90 per quarter SIM card Dhs 30 Call charges (Normal Rate) Dhs 0.39/min. 7:00am to 2:00pm and 4:00pm to 12:00am, (For all days of the week) Call charges (Cheap Rate) Dhs 0.21/min. 2:00pm to 4:00pm and 12:00am to 7:00am, (on all days of the week) International Calls Normal IDD rates apply Emirates Internet: The UAEs window to the world offering connectivity to an unlimited number of network, computers, and users worldwide. The Emirates Internet was established in June 1995. The number of Internet subscribed reached over 25,000 by the end of November 1997. Fax Plus: A new fax plus state-of-the-art service with a host of advanced facilities which lets the person operate even without owning a fax machine. Paging Service: This radio paging service enables people on the move to be in touch in an easy and economical way almost anywhere in the UAE. According to Al Ittihad Newspaper, the UAE is ranked 7th worldwide, with 10% of the population using this service. Voice Mail Service: This includes videoconference service, consultation services, and interactive information service. ATM Service: The Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a new service launched recently in order to speed up connections to customers. This is a broadband communications technology, which provides a way of transporting data from a wide range of applications using one seamless network. This service is being introduced to cater for the growing needs of education and business in the UAE and as part of Etisalats planning for the future. Satellite A new satellite company called Al-Thurayya Satellite Communications Organization was launched in January 1997. Its capital is worth $25 million and owned 26% by Etisalat, 20% by the Abu Dhabi Investments Company, 10% by the Arab Satellite Communications Organization (Arabsat), and 10% by Bahrain Telecommunications Company (Batelco), and 44% is owned by other Arab government. The company was set up to own and operates the Thurayya satellite system, which will serve the rapidly expanding mobile phone sector. It will cover the Arab states and part of Europe and the Indian sub-continent. The Community: Abu Dhabi City: Abu Dhabi is the capital of the United Arab Emirates. Its population was estimated 850,000 on 1998, with 70% males. The Gross National Product was estimated on the same fiscal year at Dhs. 65,850 per Capita which equivalent to U.S.$ 17,870. The Gross National Private Local Consumer was Dhs 25,040 per capita. The Gross National Government Consuming was Dhs 10,582 per capita. The Gross National Expenditure was Dhs 48,926 per capita. Which can be lead to be one of the highest per capita in the world. Abu Dhabi is very Modern City. Most of its constructions are less than 15 years old. Since it is the U.A.E. capital, it is containing all the headquarters of the Federal Ministries and other government departments and authorities, beside all the oil and gas companies headquarters, more than 63 local and international banks and many regional offices of the multinational companies. In addition to that, Abu Dhabi has One public women university Zayed University, two campuses of Higher Colleges of Technologies and several colleges branches. 2.2 Major Competitors: a) Major Distributors: We have some major mobile phone distributors in the city, such like Emirates Computers, Juma Al-Majed and Jumbo Electronics. If our strategy works, we will have differentiated ourselves sufficiently to not have to compete against these stores. Strengths: national image, high volume, aggressive pricing, and economies of scale. Weaknesses: lack of product, service and support knowledge, lack of personal attention. b) Other Local Stores: There are more than one hundred retail mobile phone Stores in Abu Dhabi city. These tend to be small businesses, owned by people who started them because they liked mobile phones. They are under-capitalized and under-managed. Margins are squeezed as they compete against the major distributors and against each other in an attempt to match prices. The competition based on price more than on service and support. When asked, the owners will complain that the major distributors squeeze margins and customers buy on price only. They say they tried offering services and that buyers didnt care, instead preferring lower prices. We think the problem is also that they didnt really offer good service, and also that they didnt differentiate from the major distributors. Moreover they are depending in the gray market. 2.3 Comparative Advantages: The marketing of mobile services to business users, and more recently to consumers, has resulted in spectacular growth in the number of subscribers in Gulf Area. Operators now face the challenges of rising customer quantity, the prospect of declining revenue per subscriber, and the scrutiny of performance by investors. Achieving success in these new market conditions calls for a change in strategy from mobile operators a fresh approach to marketing, distribution and customer service to attract more new customers whilst retaining existing customers and protecting future revenue. The buyers understand the concept of service and support, and are much more likely to pay for it when the offering is clearly stated. There is no doubt that we compete much more against all the box pushers than against other service providers. We need to effectively compete against the idea that businesses should buy mobile phones as easy and friendly appliances that dont need ongoing service, support, and training. Our focus group sessions indicated that our target professional users think about price but would buy based on quality service if the offering were properly presented. They think about price because thats all they ever see. We have very good indications that many would rather pay 10-20% more for a relationship with a long-term vendor providing back up and quality service and support; they end up in the box-pusher channels because they arent aware of the alternatives. Availability of the stock is also very important. The buyers tend to want immediate, local solutions to problems. However, our value proposition has to be different from the standard retail shops. We offer our target customer, who is service seeking and not self reliant, a vendor who acts as a strategic ally, at a premium price that reflects the value of reassurance that sets will work. Moreover, our competitive edge is our positioning as strategic ally with our clients, who are clients more than customers. By building a business based on long-standing relationships with satisfied clients, we simultaneously build defenses against competition. The longer the relationship stands, the more we help our clients understand what we offer them and why they need it. Service and Support Our strategy hinges on providing excellent service and support. This is critical. We need to differentiate on service and support, and to therefore deliver as well. 2.4 Future Products Services: We must remain on top of the new technologies, because this is our bread and butter. For telephone sets, we need to provide better knowledge of cross GSS and WAP technologies. Also, we are under pressure to improve our understanding of direct-connect Internet and related communications. Finally, although we have a good command of accessories, we are concerned about getting better at the integration of technologies that creates fax, WAP, E-mail, and voice mail as part of the mobile Telephone set. 3) Operations: 3.1 Location Premises: Our business is a retail store. Therefore in this type of business the customer will come to it, not the sales person has to go to the customer. It is kind of pulling sales strategy not pushing sales strategy. Thus, the physical location will be the key to success or failure to this business. However, the ideal place for the prospected Showroom, after taking in consideration the locations for the others competitors, will be at the new constructed shopping center in Tourist Club Area at East Side of Abu Dhabi City. As in new shopping center, we will enjoy the being in the summit reputation beside the advantage of parking lot availability, which has become a great problem in the city in these days. The shop will be at the ground floor. To grantee that all the visitors of this particular Shopping Center will have the chance to see the place and they will be aware that a new mobile showroom will be available for them. Furthermore, we can utilize the front of the showroom to demonstrating the products in front of the shoppers, They will see and know what kind of products we are offering before they have even entered to the showroom. The area for the place is suggested to be not less than 100 square meters that can be distributed as the following: Lounge with area of 50 square meter. Two small offices one for the showroom manager and the other for the accountant with area of 6 square meters for each of them. Store with an area of 5 square meters, for the products with necessary cabinets. Service Area of 20 square meters furnituing with necessary tables, counter and cabinets. 3.2 Purchase: Our costs are part of the margin squeeze. As competition on price increases, the squeeze between manufacturers price into channels and end-users ultimate buying price continues. With the mobile phone sets, our margins are declining steadily. It is being squeezed to more like 13-15% at present. In the main-line accessories a similar trend shows, with prices declining steadily. In order to hold costs down as much as possible, we concentrate our purchasing with Nokia Regional Office in Jabel Ali, which offers 30-day net terms and overnight shipping from the warehouse at Jabel Ali in Dubai. We need to concentrate on making sure our volume gives us negotiating strength. Moreover, In accessories and add-on we can still get decent margins, 25% to 40%. 3.3 Resources: a) We are going to have four major employees: Employee Responsibilities Manger Supervising and Purchasing affairs Sales Lady Sales Affairs Technician Workshop Affairs Accountant Accounts and Bookkeeping We are in need for very little equipment to run the project; this equipment will be bought. As no trend in United Arab Emirates to rent such equipment. 4) Management: The management in the our firm believes very strongly that relationships should be forthright, work should be structured with enough room for creativity, and pay should be commensurate with the amount and quality of work completed. 4.1 Management Structure: Owner Manager Accountant Sales Lady Technician 4.2 Professional Services Employee Training: A) Legal Affairs: Especially in the beginning, therefore we have already negotiated with a very respectful Advocate office in Abu Dhabi City, who is having a good experience in the commercial and civil affairs. He will take care for all the Legal Affairs, including Renting Contract, Maintenance Contract, and Labor/Employee Contracts, Revising the purchasing and banking agreements, etc. B) Accounting Procedures: The financial information is too essential for an well-organized business firm. Therefore a bookkeeping system has to be maintained to include all the account procedures. Moreover, all the payments to be made preferably by checks, and not by cash. The daily sales to be deposited in the bank next working day. However to organize the purchasing of the goods, They would be imported by the banks letter of credit (L.C.) only. C) Insurance Expenses: Our mobile phone showroom should insure the business along with its stock. As our business requires insurance for such robbery crimes or thefts. Further, we will insure our staff. We can estimate the insurance premium at Dhs. 6,000 for the First year. As revenue increases in the second and third year of Business. D) Banking Affairs: As the purchasing of the main product will be from Jabel Ali warehouse of regional company of Nokia, therefore the financing of such deals should be on Letter of Credit (LC). We will intend to open two current accounts with two different banks, which will give us more flexibility in the finance procedures. Employee Training: We will have only four staff. These staff will hire them, with sufficient experience in the relative field. Therefore, no training is mainly required at the beginning. However, the regional office of Nokia in Jabel Ali Free Zone, they are organizing such training session, whenever new product is introduce to the market. Therefore we are planning to send our technician to these training session whenever they will be made available. 4.3 Risks Plans to Minimize: There are some factors that will affect severely on the growing of our proposed business, such like: Customer is looking into factory guarantee for replacement the defected sets. Since we are purchasing directly from the regional office in Jabel Ali free zone. Therefore, Nokia corporation will grant us immediately this kind of warranty. However some other retail shops are buying their product from the gray market in Dubai. In this case, they can not offer any kind of grantee in their products. Moreover, we are attending to put this information on all of our advertising campaigns and sale brochures. Usually customers are insisting in buying only the original spare parts and accessories (which are coming from same manufacture). Therefore we are going to offer only original spare parts and accessories to gain the customer satisfaction.